分享几个日常生活中可能用到的地道表达（17）
第17期
场景：日本茶文化
适合与老外打交道的茶友们
无论是聚会，参展，卖茶等都能用上
掰扯两句中日茶文化的对比，会大大加分哦~
Here are two types of tea ceremony - the Chanoyu, sometimes called the Matcha, and the Sencha.
日本茶道有两种，一种是茶の湯（有时也称为抹茶），一种是煎茶。
【wikipedia】解释：
In Japanese, it is called chanoyu (茶の湯) or sadō, chadō (茶道), while the manner in which it is performed, or the art of its performance, is called (o)temae ([お]手前; [お]点前).
引自：Surak, Kristin (2013). Making Tea, Making Japan: Cultural Nationalism in Practice. Stanford: Stanford University Press. p. 272. ISBN 978-0-8047-7867-1.
The Chanoyu ceremony takes place in a wooden or bamboo teahouse called a Chashitsu.
日本茶道在木制或竹制的茶室进行。
【wikipedia】解释：
A chashitsu (茶室, "tea room") in Japanese tradition is an architectural space designed to be used for tea ceremony (chanoyu) gatherings.
引自：A Chanoyu Vocabulary: Practical Terms for the Way of Tea, entry for chashitsu . Tankosha Publishing Co., 2007.
Tea is one of the most popular drinks in Japan and a tea ceremony is a very important and special event. It is a time to relax and enjoy the loveliness of the simple things around you.
在日本，茶是流行的饮品之一，茶道则非常重要和独特。人们可以从中享受闲适与简素之美。
干货分享
分享UKTEA&INFUSIONS网站关于茶文化的系列文章之一，原文名为《Japanese Tea Ceremonies》。文章短小精炼，虽然没有文化历史的深度加持，但以老外的视角来看，也直截了当。
可用于整理对比。如果既看得懂，也能在适当场合随口说出，甚好。（翻译为意译，仅供参考）
The garden around the teahouse is very simple with lots of green plants rather than flowers, a small rock garden, and a stream. A path winds its way through the garden leading to the teahouse. （茶室所在的院子非常简约，岩石细流，绿茵环绕。院里子有一条蜿蜒小路通往茶室。）
First you must wait at the entrance to the garden until you are calm and ready to enter. The Teishu or tea master welcomes you when you are in the garden. He or she brings fresh water for you drink and to wash your hands. Now you follow the Teishu along the path to the teahouse. （心静如水后方可进院，此时茶室的主人已在院里迎接。根据主人示意，客人先饮水后净手，然后才沿着小路去茶室。）
【 Chanoyu World】解释：
The Teishu 亭主, or “Master of the Pavilion” (for some reason Sekishu 席主 is not used here) is also known as “the East” or Tou 東. In modern Chinese it still means “owner; one who stands treat.” In Zen practice, the Abbot or retired Abbot lived in the “Eastern Hall 東堂” and was thus known as “Eastern Hall.” Even today, the properly built Zen main hall is known as the Abbot’s quarters or Hojo 方丈. The classical size of the Hojo is about 10 foot square which equals the size of the four and a half tatami room.
When doing temae the host has the guest on the right side. The guest might be seated on the left side, but then the temae is known as Gyakugatte.
Inside the teahouse, the Teishu makes the tea using powdered green tea called matcha . The tea is mixed with boiled water using a bamboo whisk and served in small bowls. （在茶室，主人把抹茶盛入小茶碗，倒沸水再用茶筅搅拌之，以示茶道。）
Guests sit on the floor around a low table. When the Teishu gives you your tea, bow, take your bowl with your left hand, and then hold it with your right hand. Place the bowl in front of you and turn it to the right so that you don t drink from the side that was facing you. Usually the Teishu gives you a sweet cake or a mochi to eat as well because the tea is bitter. （客人围着低脚茶桌席地而坐，鞠躬后，用左手接主人递的茶碗，再换到右手端之。客人需正面对着茶碗并右转之，以防有图案的一面被喝掉。通常，主人备有甜点或糯米团以解茶之苦味。）
When you have finished your tea turn the bowl to the left and place it on the table in front of you - you must drink it all! You turn the bowl to show the Teishu respect: it means that the edge of the cup he gave you was the best, but you are not good enough to drink from that side. Sometimes the guests share one bowl that they pass around. （饮毕，左转茶碗并奉还到茶桌上，以示尊重。意思是，主人递给客人杯子的那一面是最好的，你答谢其用心所以转而饮之，再转而还之。有时，客人们轮流传递用同一个茶碗。）
The Sencha ceremony, is more relaxed than the Chanoyu ceremony. The rules for serving the tea are traditional but the occasion is more easy-going for the tea drinkers. （相比抹茶，煎茶偏灵活。虽然奉茶的讲究很传统，但对客人来说，环境和场合更轻松一些。）
【wikipedia】解释：
Sencha (煎茶) is a type of Japanese ryokucha (緑茶, green tea) which is prepared by infusing the processed whole tea leaves in hot water.
This is as opposed to matcha (抹茶), powdered Japanese green tea, where the green tea powder is mixed with hot water and therefore the leaf itself is included in the beverage. Sencha is the most popular tea in Japan.
Most people in Japan don t have their own teahouse but they often belong to a tea club where they go every week to take part in the tea ceremony. （大部分日本人没有自己的茶室，但他们往往是协会成员，每周相约茶道。）
这篇文章虽然没把日本茶道铺开来讲，但可与中国茶文化，韩国茶文化，俄罗斯茶文化等对比理解（后两者下期更新）。了解中国茶文化可点击：茶相关的几个英语表达 - 茶文化与茶相关的几个英语表达 - 茶文化（这是两篇哦~，名字一样内容互补）
1. 不定期更新tea time，内容选自native speaker的原文片段。
2. 适合与老外交流茶叶的小伙伴，可增强茶叶方面的日常英语积累和表达。
3. 招募小伙伴一起玩儿茶。有激情和热情，有想法又会玩的你，欢迎随时私信。
4. （空一行，等你一起来写哟~）
整理：木禾火
photo from pinterest
笔下有乾坤 壶中见精神
——报人与茶的风云际会
1840年鸦片战争后，中国沦为半殖民地半封建国家。面对民族危亡，中国人民奋起反抗，仁人志士奔走呐喊。有些人直接拿起了武器，而报人们则挥动起如椽大笔，一篇篇振聋发聩、激昂慷慨的文章见诸报端，成为唤醒民族灵魂、沸腾爱国情怀的利器。
提笔落墨之际，茶始终是报人们的精神伴侣。作为中华文化的杰出代表，茶历史源远流长，内涵博大精深，中华茶道一以贯之、传承有序。中华报人更是将茶道精神演绎得分外瑰丽，茶香不仅滋养了报人精神，他们还以茶为笔写春秋。笔下有乾坤，壶中见精神，报人的笔端汹涌澎湃的不仅是对理想生活的追求，更是对中华民族伟大复兴的翘盼。
林语堂(1895~1976年)
林语堂(1895—1976年)，福建龙溪(今漳州市)人，中国现代著名作家、学者、翻译家、语言学家。
曾创办《论语》《人间世》《宇宙风》等刊物，作品包括小说《京华烟云》《啼笑皆非》，散文和杂文文集《人生的盛宴》《生活的艺术》等，曾于1940年和1950年先后两度获得诺贝尔文学奖提名。
林语堂谈到的中国茶，有很多经典流传的名句，“只要有一把茶壶，中国人到哪儿都是快乐的!”“捧着一把茶壶，中国人把人生煎熬到最本质的精髓。”这是一个真正沉浸在茶中的行家观点。
林语堂于1895年出生在闽南的漳州平和县，这里出产白芽奇兰，一种有特殊兰花香的乌龙茶。自小沉浸在龙江之畔、漳州港与这块中国工夫茶发源之地，他对于茶有着他人不能比拟的深度领悟。
作为那个时代的文化精英，林语堂开明而达观，犀利又温和，这样的性格或许正得益于茶的滋养。
漳州平和县林语堂故居
林语堂早年留学国外，回国后在北京大学等校任教，1966年定居台湾。他因《京华烟云》一书被提名诺贝尔文学奖候选人，这是一位著作等身的文人、报人，是痴茶人，也是一位睁眼看世界的先行者。
林语堂将英文里的Humor音译成“幽默”，然后写下《幽默杂话》《论幽默》等篇章，他认为“没有幽默的文学和文化，思想和生活必将干枯和固化”，这是一个深远的观察。
他是一位生活艺术家，真实而达观，经历风雨的年代，却不世故老成，始终留赤子的天真。
聊到茶的时候，他风趣地形容“中国的烹茶饮茶方法不像日本那么过分严肃和讲规则，而仍属一种富有乐趣而又高尚重要的事情。实在说起来，烹茶之乐和饮茶之乐各居其半。正如吃西瓜子，用牙齿咬开瓜子壳之乐和吃瓜子肉之乐实各居其半。”
年轻时候的林语堂文字犀利，和鲁迅、周作人都是《语丝》上的主要写手。在鲁迅写《为了忘却的记念》之前，他就写下了《悼刘和珍杨德群女士》。所以这时候他的茶应该是他所说的“洁净”为第一义，在茶上的洁净，正反映了心灵的洁净。
他说到，“有茶癖的中国文士都主张烹茶须自己动手。一切手续都须十分洁净，茶杯须每晨洗涤，但不可用布揩擦。童儿的两手须常洗，指甲中的污垢须剔干净。”
“茶味娇嫩，茶易败坏，所以整治时，须十分清洁，须远离酒类香类一切有强味的物事，和身带这类气息的人。”
“因此，茶是凡间纯洁的象征，在采制烹煮的手续中，都须十分清洁。采摘烘焙，烹煮取饮之时，手上或杯壶中略有油腻不洁，便会使它丧失美味。所以也只有在眼前和心中毫无富丽繁华的景象和念头时，方能真正的享受它。”
林语堂和妻子一起喝茶
林语堂是一个乡村牧师的儿子，又一直上的教会学校，之后留洋读硕士、博士，在欧美住了几十年。他用英文完成了卷帙浩繁的著译，用西方的语言介绍中国的文化，为中国与欧美世界架起一座桥梁。
1934年《吾国与吾民》在美国出版，成为当年美国最畅销的书之一。一个中国人的著作，列入了年度十大畅销书榜单，可谓无人能出其右。
1937年11月，林语堂发表了《中国人与日本人》，他说了日本人的劣根性，在文章最后说日本已陷入了自我毁灭的无望战争中。
1938年，他又写下《美国与中日战争》，他批评了美国的所谓“中立”政策，其实是为日本人输送利益。他还写了《日本必败论》。在海外华侨的募捐活动中，每一次都少不了林语堂。多数美国人通过林语堂了解了中日战争。
1938年1月，林语堂编写了《孔子的智慧》。1942年，他著述《中国与印度智慧》。1948年，他又编写《老子的智慧》。林语堂还翻译和介绍了中国古代小说名著《老残游记》以及宋代话本小说和明清小说。
就像纽约艾迈拉大学校长说的：“林语堂——哲学家、作家、才子，是爱国者，也是世界公民，您以深具艺术技巧的笔锋，向英语世界阐释伟大中华民族的精神，获得前人未能取得的效果。”
林语堂有很多朋友，胡适、鲁迅、郁达夫，也有著名的女记者史沫特莱、诺贝尔文字奖得主赛珍珠。
林语堂在《茶与友谊》中说，“一个生活的艺术家所最坚持的第一点，便是凡希望要享受生活的，其必要条件，便是必须去寻找一些情投意合的朋友，而且要不殚麻烦地去增进友谊，保持友情，像一个妻子拉住她丈夫一样，或像一个高明的棋手跋涉千里去访另一棋友一样。这样的心旷神怡，周遭又有良好的朋友，我们便可以吃茶了。因为茶是为恬静的伴侣而设的，正如酒是为热闹的社交集会而设的。茶有一种本性，能带我们到人生的沉思默想的境界里去。”
“一个人在这种神清气爽，心气平静，知己满前的境地中，方真能领略到茶的滋味。”
林语堂在厦门鼓浪屿的故居
1933年至1936年是林语堂文学高产时期之一。除了撰写《吾国与吾民》一书，他同时还创办了三份中文刊物《论语》《人间世》和《宇宙风》。
他写下了知名的《中国新闻舆论史》，他称这是“公共舆论和威权在中国如何竞争、争斗的历史”。他把期刊的作用看得非常重要，认为“期刊是一个国家文化进步最好的迹象。”
文学的普通化是林语堂本人致力的目标，这就要求风格的简朴、口语化和充实。林语堂讲新闻的法则与法度，他记录的闽南工夫茶也是这样——根植大众却又足够精致。
“真正鉴赏家常以亲自烹茶为一种殊乐。茶炉大都置在窗前，用硬炭生火。主人很郑重地扇着炉火，注视着水壶中的热气。他用一个茶盘，很整齐地装着一个小泥茶壶和四个比咖啡杯小一些的茶杯。再将贮茶叶的锡罐安放在茶盘的旁边，随口和来客谈着天，但并不忘了手中所应做的事。”
“他时时顾着炉火，等到水壶中渐发沸声后，他就立在炉前不再离开，更加用力地扇火，还不时要揭开壶盖望一望。那时壶底已有小泡，名为‘鱼眼’或‘蟹沫’，这就是‘初滚’。
他重新盖上壶盖，再扇上几遍，壶中的沸声渐大，水面也渐起泡，这名为‘二滚’。这时已有热气从壶口喷出来，主人也就格外地注意。到将届‘三滚’，壶水已经沸透之时，他就提起水壶，将小泥壶里外一浇，赶紧将茶叶加入泥壶，泡出茶来。”
林语堂深谙烹茶饮茶的三昧
从这片土地出发，故乡的芬芳始终在他的心怀。林语堂既用他的眼睛观察、记录这个世界，用他的文字介绍中国，他对故土充满深情，他徜徉在草木之间，“让我和草木为友，和土壤相亲，我便已觉得心满意足，我的灵魂很舒服的在泥土里蠕动，觉得很快乐”。
来源：
茶道CN
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分享几个日常生活中可能用到的地道表达（16）
第16期
场景：茶文化
分享几个关于茶文化的句子
适合茶叶销售一线的小伙伴们和爱茶的人
用老外的思维和老外聊中国茶，更能恍然大悟，相见恨晚
In tea ceremony, space, emotion and interaction with nature are paramount to enhancing the emotional, moral, and aesthetic experience.
空间、情感、互动和自然在茶道里是最重要的，它强化了情感感知，修生养性和美学鉴赏。
Tea Houses are meant to be gathering places for people to drink tea, socialize, and maybe even have small bites to eat. Just sitting, relaxing, and talking…and while sipping on some tea.
茶室提供给人们一个聚会的场所，可以喝茶、社交甚至品尝点心。你只需要尽情的喝茶、放松和聊天就好了。
Throughout Chinese history, tea has been seen as one of the seven daily necessities; accompanied by firewood, oil, salt, vinegar, soy sauce, and of course rice.
中国上下五千年的历史里，茶始终是开门七件事之一：柴米油盐酱醋茶。
干货分享
在Peanuts or Pretzels上看到一篇文章，名为《Kungfu Tea? Understand Chinese Tea Culture & Ceremony》。作者是一个在广州教英语的老外，初来中国时被茶吸引，学了不少新鲜玩意儿，她把这些体验写了一篇老长的博客。这里挑几个有用的表达，可以做日常英语口语积累，中文翻译仅供参考。
Tea is not just tea in China. Chinese tea culture is rooted deep in tradition, family, respect…and daily life. 在中国，茶不仅仅是茶。中国茶文化源于传统、家庭、尊敬....和日常生活。
The tea shops are literally on every corner, across the street…and sometimes next door to each other. 茶馆到处都是
The shops focus on selling the tea, and stock endless varieties. So there are tins, boxes, and many other containers everywhere — as well as cups, pots, filters, etc. 茶馆主要卖茶，也存货各种其他的。所以有茶罐、茶盒和许多其他容器，也有各种茶杯、茶壶、茶漏等等。
There is always a tea table for tasting inside a tea shop, and usually, you can taste lots of tea for FREE. 茶馆里一般都设有茶桌，你可以坐着免费品尝茶
It’s also a tradition to make a pot of tea after dinner, because it helps with digestion (better than coffee). 饭后一杯茶是种习俗，它有助于消化
While there are endless different kinds of tea, there are also different ways of storing them. 茶的种类不同，存储方式不同
Some people get the traditional “tea cakes” — which are a type of fermented and compact dried tea. 发酵紧压茶做成茶饼存储
Tea cakes are labeled with the name, date, area where it came from and even the mountain! Because all these things have a great impact on the quality and the taste. 茶饼被标上名字，日期，地区甚至山头，因为这些因素会影响茶的品质和口感
The older a tea is, the darker it becomes — and the flavor will change over time with the age. 茶越陈色泽越深，滋味也随着时间变化
It’s fascinating to us to think of tea this way, just like wine. And the prices are like wine too, with aged tea from prized mountains going for crazy amounts of money. 像酒一样, 名山头的年份茶时间越久价格越高
The process, and equipment, used for making tea can be a little different depending on the situation and the region in China. 环境和地方不同，喝茶的茶具和方式也不同
If you want to refill your cup with tea, it is customary that you offer to fill everyone else’s cups at the table first! Only AFTER you have filled everyone’s cup, then you may fill your own. 斟茶时，先给别人后给自己；在给每个人都斟好后，才能给自己倒
Clay pots are preferred because it is said that the little holes in the clay help to brew the tea better than the smooth surface of ceramic. 泥壶比瓷壶受欢迎，据说如果想泡杯好茶，泥料的小孔比瓷料的光面更给力
The overall idea is that the small size enhances the taste of the tea, and is also good for looks. 总的来说小尺寸的容器能增强香味，看上去也更美观
The purpose of tea tables is to collect and drain the water that is spilled around the cups and over the table. 茶桌用于聚拢和排出洒在茶杯外或别处的水
A gaiwan — which is a sort of bowl (bigger than the tea cups) with a lid and a saucer. 盖碗，是比茶杯稍大一些的碗，配有盖子和碟子
Wake up the tea — Try your best to cover all the tea and swirl it for a few moments, then pour it out using the lid as a sort of strainer. 醒茶，尽量盖住所有茶叶，旋转几下，用盖子做滤网将水倒出
Tea cups are small, allowing for only a few sips – or one big drink. 茶杯很小，适合几小口抿或一大口饮
It is customary to wait to drink your tea until everyone has been served, and traditionally, after the oldest or highest level person drinks their tea. 静待，直到所有人都杯中有茶；传统上，一般是长者或尊者先饮
It takes many rounds of making tea for the leaves to fully open up with the true flavor. 反复冲泡茶叶有利于原始风味的彻底释放
Regardless if it is a formal or informal setting after tea has been poured into your cup, it is customary to tap your index and middle finger on the table as a way of saying “thank you.” 不管是正式或非正式场合，当茶水倒入茶杯后，为表示对倒茶人的感谢，需用食指和中指轻扣桌面。这是一种习俗。
Traditionally, younger people show their respect to older people by offering cups of tea. Also, inviting elders to restaurants for traditional tea is a typical holiday activity. 传统上，年轻人奉茶给长辈以示尊重；邀请长辈去茶馆喝茶也是一个独特的假日活动。
When children are older and leave home, it is important that they return to visit the family and drink tea. 如果小孩或老人离开了家乡，当他们回家后拜访亲戚共饮一杯茶是非常重要的
Coming together over a cup of tea really is a family tradition. 坐在一起喝杯茶是一种家庭传统
One ritual that is quite important during the wedding ceremony is for the bride and groom to kneel in front of their parents and offer them tea. 婚礼上的茶礼仪非常重要，新郎新娘跪在父母面前敬奉一杯茶
It is a way to show their gratitude for raising them and to say thank you for everything they have given them. 感谢养育之恩，感谢所有的馈赠
1. 不定期更新tea time，内容选自native speaker的原文片段。
2. 适合与老外交流茶叶的小伙伴，可增强茶叶方面的日常英语积累和表达。
3. 招募小伙伴一起玩儿茶。有激情和热情，有想法又会玩的你，欢迎随时私信。
4. （空一行，等你一起来写哟~）
整理：木禾火
