自去年12月份以来，来自非洲的茶叶集装箱一直在巴基斯坦卡拉奇港堆积，还有更多集装箱正在途中。但几个月来，刚刚实现首次顺利卸货。巴基斯坦政府需要立即提供10亿美元，并在未来支付85亿美元来应对该国的燃料费用。
Containers of tea from Africa have been piling up at the port of Karachi since December, with more on the way, but for the first time in months, ships are unloading at a brisk pace. The government needs $1 billion immediately and $8.5 billion to pay the country’s fuel bills.
巴基斯坦海关官员估计，港口的8500个集装箱中有95%等待信用证明，其中包括从非洲运来的300个集装箱中的近500万公斤茶叶。
Pakistan customs officials estimate that 95% of the 8,500 containers in port await letters of credit, including almost 5 million kilos of tea in 300 containers shipped from Africa.
这个局面阻碍了价值数十亿美元的原材料到达制造商手中。在3月12日，港务局处理了1024个入境集装箱和2553个长期拖延的集装箱，这对于抵消484亿美元的贸易逆差至关重要。
The logjam is preventing billion of dollars worth of raw materials from reaching manufacturers. During the weekend of March 12, port authorities processed 1,024 inbound containers and 2,553 containers filled with long-delayed exports essential to offset a $48.4 billion trade deficit.
本田、铃木和丰田汽车的装配线因供应链严重中断而关闭或缩减。航运代理商本周通知巴基斯坦，如果积压问题得不到解决，外国航运公司将停止服务。DHL宣布将缩减运营，暂停进口并限制出境运输。
Honda, Suzuki, and Indus Motor assembly lines are closed or curtailed due to severe disruption to their supply chains. Shipping agents this week advised Pakistan that foreign shipping lines will halt services if the backlog is not resolved. DHL announced it would scale back operations, suspend imports, and limit outbound shipments.
在3月22日斋月节庆期间，巴基斯坦茶叶零售价格飙升1000卢比至每公斤1600卢比。巴基斯坦茶叶协会(PTA)执行委员Zeeshan Maqsood表示，茶叶价格将上涨至每公斤2500卢比(约合每公斤9.50美元)。
Tea retail prices surged by Rs1000 to Rs1,600 per kilo leading to the celebration of Ramazan on March 22. Prices could go as high as Rs2,500 per kilo (about $9.50 per kilo), according to Zeeshan Maqsood, an executive member of the Pakistan Tea Association (PTA).
去年，巴基斯坦从肯尼亚购买了2.34亿公斤茶叶。为了打破僵局，伊斯兰堡向肯尼亚提供了15万吨大米，用于交换同等价值的茶叶。据东非茶叶贸易协会(ETTA)总经理Edward Mudibo称，蒙巴萨贸易商对这一互换表示欢迎。他告诉《非洲商业日报》，“我们欢迎这一安排，因为鉴于巴基斯坦的经济形势，这种交换对我们有利。
Last year Pakistan purchased 234 million kilos of tea from Kenya. To resolve the impasse, Islamabad offered Kenya 150,000 metric tons of rice for tea of equivalent value. Mombasa traders welcomed the swap, according to East African Tea Trade Association (ETTA) Managing Director Edward Mudibo. He told Business Daily Africa, “We welcome this arrangement because it will work in our favor given the economic situation in Pakistan.”
非洲承担巴基斯坦90%的红茶进口，而巴基斯坦又向阿富汗供应87%的茶叶。根据Statista市场研究表明，到2023年，巴基斯坦的茶叶市场规模预计将到11.2亿美元，下降4.3%。根据东非茶叶贸易协会的数据，巴基斯坦和埃及每年从肯尼亚购买的茶叶占据其出口总量的55%，但自11月以来销售额急剧下降。
Africa supplies 90% of Pakistan’s black tea imports, and Pakistan, in turn, supplies Afghanistan with 87% of its tea. In 2023 Pakistan’s tea market is expected to generate $1.12 billion, a 4.3% decline, according to Statista market research. Pakistan and Egypt buy 55% of Kenya’s tea exports annually, but sales have steeply declined since November, according to ETTA.
巴基斯坦目前正在与国际货币基金组织(IMF)进行谈判，以解锁用于救助的11亿美元。Pakistan is currently in talks with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to unlock the next tranche of $1.1 billion of a $6.5 billion bailout agreed upon in 2019.
本文章来源自《茶世界》2023年5月，总第495期
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